Praise be
to Allaah.
It is obligatory for the Muslim to offer every prayer at the time
stipulated by sharee‘ah, because Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the
meaning):
“Verily, As‑Salaah (the prayer) is enjoined on the believers at
fixed hoursâ€
al-Nisa’ 4:103.
The Sunnah indicates that it is permissible to join two prayers
for a sick person for whom it is too difficult to offer every prayer at its own
time. This is the view of the Maalikis and Hanbalis.
Al-Nawawi said: This view is very strong. End quote.
Al-Majmoo‘, 4/263
See: al-Mawsoo‘ah al-Fiqhiyyah, 15/288
Al-Tirmidhi (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his Sunan
(1/259): Some of the Taabi‘i scholars granted a concession allowing a sick person to join two
prayers. This is the view of Ahmad and Ishaaq. End quote.
If it is too difficult for a pregnant woman to offer every prayer
at its own time, it is permissible for her to join Zuhr and ‘Asr, and Maghrib
and ‘Isha’. She comes under the same rulings as one who is sick in that
case.
With regard to shortening the prayers, that is only permissible
for one who is travelling. So if a pregnant woman is travelling, it is
permissible for her to join and shorten the prayers. But if she is at home, it
is permissible for her to join the prayers, but she must offer the four-rak‘ah prayers in full,
and not shorten them.
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
Every time there is hardship or difficulty, it is permissible to
join the prayers, whether one is at home or travelling, because of sickness,
rain, a strong cold wind, and so on. So if it is too difficult for a pregnant
woman to offer every prayer at its own time, she may join the prayers. And if
it is too difficult for a breastfeeding woman to offer each prayer at its own
time, because her baby urinates on her and the like, then she may put the
prayers together. End quote.
Liqa’ al-Baab al-Maftooh, 201/4
He also said:
The reason for putting prayers together is difficulty; if hardship
results from not putting prayers together, then it is permissible to put the
prayers together for whatever reason. The scholars (may Allah have mercy on
them) even said that it is permissible for a pregnant woman to put two prayers
together if it is too difficult for her to offer each prayer at its own time.
So to sum up, there is only one reason for putting prayers together and that is
hardship, but there are many kinds of hardship. As for shortening the prayers,
that is only allowed in the case of travel. If we assume that a person is sick
in the hospital, he may put two prayers together if it is too difficult for him
to offer each one at its own time, but he is not allowed to shorten them because
he is in his own city. But if he is in a hospital in another city, then it is
permissible for him to join and shorten the prayers, because he is a traveller.
End quote.
Fataawa Noor ‘ala al-Darb, 185/16
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him)
said:
The reason for shortening prayers is travel in particular, and it
is not permissible to shorten prayers when not travelling. As for joining
prayers together, the reason for that is need and reasons. If he needs to he
may put prayers together when travelling, whether long or short distances. You
may also put prayers together because of rain and the like, or because of
sickness and the like, and for other reasons. The aim behind it is to spare the
ummah from hardship. End quote.
Majmoo‘ al-Fataawa, 22/293
And Allah knows best.
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